By MMM – Make Mothers Matter
In our written Statement to the 2021 UN High-Level Political Forum, MMM revisits SDG 8, which will be reviewed this year. We argue that “Work” must be redefined as a holistic concept, where both paid and unpaid work are combined. We also challenge the notion of “economic growth” as being a goal per se. We call instead for repurposing of our economic system to serve the well-being of people and the planet.
The Covid-19 crisis has shown what really matters. It has highlighted the critical importance of Care work, whether paid or unpaid particularly and increased the visibility of the people carrying out this invaluable work, most of whom are women.
It is precisely because of their care responsibilities, which dramatically increased with lockdowns and schools moving online, that many women, mothers especially, were forced out of the labour market.
Feminist economists have for many years pointed to the inequitable distribution of unpaid care work as a root cause of Gender inequalities and discriminations, especially as it pertains to the labour market. But this crisis has spotlighted the challenges that most mothers face in juggling work and care responsibilities and home-schooling.
As part of the “Decent Work” agenda, we at MMM believe it is high time that governments address this issue and seriously invest in supporting women, parents and other caregivers doing this essential yet unpaid or underpaid, mostly invisible and unrecognised work of caring.
UNPAID CARE WORK IS WORK, AND THE WORLD OF WORK MUST ADAPT TO CAREGIVERS
As a starting point, governments must recognise that unpaid care work IS work. This fact is supported by the 2013 resolution of the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) on work, employment, and labour underutilisation statistics.
Unpaid care work remains a barrier for many women to access the labour force, make a career and earn a decent wage. Women have been pushed to join the ‘productive’ labour force. Still, they remain responsible for the bulk of care activities: more than three-quarters of all unpaid family care work is done by women, and when both paid work and unpaid work are combined, women work more than men. And, they are heavily penalised for that, especially when they have children.
This necessitates that we redefine “work” as a holistic concept, where both paid and unpaid work are combined. The world of work must adapt to this reality, and private companies must contribute to supporting workers with family responsibilities
Governments must invest in a social protection floor that includes maternity protection. Unpaid caregivers should have access to such worker’s rights as social security – including cash transfer to complement income when necessary, pension rights (“care credits”), as well as training – notably for women to re-enter the labour market after maternity leave. Currently, only 41% of new mothers benefit from paid maternity leave: every mother works and should be entitled to full maternity protection.
THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF INVESTING IN PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
Second, it is critically important that governments invest in accessible public infrastructure and services and that they do so with a gender lens, with the aim of both reducing the time spent on domestic chores and supporting care work. Essential infrastructure and services notably include water and energy and healthcare, education, and childcare. But the crisis has shown how critical access to digital technology and services also is.
A 2020 report by the Women’s Budget Group in the UK also shows that investment in Care infrastructure and services creates more jobs – and more jobs for women – than investing in a sector like construction.
Our recommendation to optimise resources is to work at the community or local government level and assess actual needs by involving community members and beneficiaries, including women.
Investing in public infrastructure and services is investing in people. Austerity is not an option: countless reports have pointed to the disproportionate negative effect of austerity policies on women.
CARE IS NOT A BURDEN OR AN EXPENSE TO BE MINIMISED, IT IS AN INVESTMENT
Care is work, but it must not be considered as a ‘burden’, as an expense to be minimised. The Covid crisis has demonstrated that Care is valuable and essential work, that must instead be considered as an investment – an investment in people, especially women, but ultimately it is also about investing in children.
We know particularly how vital nurturing care is for early childhood development – and it is an investment with high returns.
So let’s stop talking about the ‘care burden’. It is also not the right way to engage men in taking their share of care responsibility to be better distributed.
AN OPPORTUNITY TO RETHINK AND REBUILD OUR ECONOMY IN A FAIRER AND MORE SUSTAINABLE WAY.
The Covid-19 crisis provides a unique opportunity for systemic change, for “building forward transformatively”. It is time to move beyond a narrow and short-term focus on GDP growth and profit-making and repurpose our economy to a caring economy. One that is human-centred and serves the well-being of both people and our planet.
The recent joint report of the European Environmental Bureau and Oxfam Germany makes it clear: “The economy is far more than what can be bought and sold in shops: […] it is also about the vital care work done within households, about the joint management of common resources such as lakes and forests, about having access to well-run schools and hospitals provided by the state or by communities. It is about having a roof over your head, having enough healthy food to eat, being safe and being looked after when you need help. Care and community are all a part of this.”
A number of countries and cities are showing us the way. The governments of Finland, Iceland, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales are committed to moving to “well-being economies”. Cities like Amsterdam, Berlin, Brussels, and Sydney have adopted the doughnut economic model, which provides a valuable framework to build a solid social foundation for their economy while ensuring that economic activities are sustainable and stay within environmental boundaries.
In the current context of the multiple crises we are facing, it is absolutely urgent and essential that at every level, we endeavour to change the course of our economy, which has been exploitative and destructive. Whether we call it a well-being economy, a caring economy or a doughnut economy, it is high time that we change the narrative and revisit SDG 8.